UNIT 5 – GLOBAL WARMING

TỪ LOẠI – WORD FAMILY – COLLOCATIONS – CÂU BẪY – BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP

I. TỪ VỰNG TRỌNG TÂM UNIT 5

Unit 5 có chủ đề Global Warming – Sự nóng lên toàn cầu, tập trung vào môi trường, khí hậu, phát thải khí nhà kính, nhiên liệu hóa thạch, phá rừng và hậu quả của biến đổi khí hậu.

Các từ vựng cốt lõi trên phù hợp với danh mục từ vựng Unit 5 của sách, trong đó có atmosphere, balance, carbon dioxide, coal, consequence, deforestation, emission, environment, farming, farmland và fossil fuel.

II. WORD FAMILY QUAN TRỌNG NHẤT

1. ENVIRONMENT – ENVIRONMENTAL – ENVIRONMENTALLY

Ví dụ

We must protect the environment.

Environmental problems are becoming more serious.

We should behave more environmentally responsibly.

Cụm từ:

• environmental protection
• environmental problems
• environmental pollution
• environmental damage
• environmental issues

2. POLLUTE – POLLUTION – POLLUTANT – POLLUTED

Ví dụ

Factories pollute the air.

Air pollution is a serious problem.

Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas.

Many rivers are heavily polluted.

3. EMIT – EMISSION – EMITTER

Cấu trúc

emit + gas/smoke/heat/light

carbon emissions

greenhouse gas emissions

Ví dụ

Cars emit carbon dioxide.

We need to reduce carbon emissions.

4. DEFOREST – DEFORESTATION

Ví dụ

People are deforesting large areas.

Deforestation contributes to global warming.

Cụm từ:

prevent deforestation

reduce deforestation

illegal deforestation

5. DEVELOP – DEVELOPMENT – DEVELOPED – DEVELOPING

Ví dụ

The country is developing rapidly.

Economic development can affect the environment.

6. DESTROY – DESTRUCTION – DESTRUCTIVE

Ví dụ

Floods can destroy farmland.

The storm caused serious destruction.

Wildfires can be extremely destructive.

7. PROTECT – PROTECTION – PROTECTIVE

Cụm từ:

environmental protection

protect the environment

protective measures

8. REDUCE – REDUCTION

Cấu trúc:

reduce + N

reduce emissions

reduce pollution

reduce energy consumption

Ví dụ

We should reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

A significant reduction in emissions is necessary.

9. INCREASE – INCREASE

increase đặc biệt vì có thể là:

• verb
• noun

Verb

Temperatures increase every year.

Noun

There has been an increase in temperature.

Cấu trúc:

an increase in + N

increase by + số lượng

increase to + mức mới

10. SIGNIFICANT – SIGNIFICANCE – SIGNIFICANTLY

Ví dụ

Global warming has a significant impact on our lives.

Temperatures have increased significantly.

11. CONSEQUENCE – CONSEQUENT – CONSEQUENTLY

Cụm từ:

serious consequences

negative consequences

the consequences of global warming

12. DANGER – DANGEROUS – DANGEROUSLY

13. THREAT – THREATEN – THREATENING

Ví dụ

Climate change is a serious threat.

Rising sea levels threaten coastal areas.

14. HARM – HARMFUL – HARMLESS

Cấu trúc

do harm to + N

be harmful to + N

be harmless to + N

15. BENEFIT – BENEFICIAL

Ví dụ

Renewable energy has many benefits.

Solar energy is beneficial to the environment.

16. SUSTAIN – SUSTAINABLE – SUSTAINABILITY

Cụm từ rất quan trọng:

sustainable development

sustainable energy

environmental sustainability

17. RENEW – RENEWABLE – RENEWAL

Cụm từ:

renewable energy

renewable resources

18. NATURE – NATURAL – NATURALLY

Ví dụ

We should protect nature.

Natural disasters can cause serious damage.

19. SCIENCE – SCIENTIST – SCIENTIFIC – SCIENTIFICALLY

20. GLOBE – GLOBAL – GLOBALLY

Ví dụ

Global warming is a global problem.

Countries need to work together globally.

21. CLIMATE – CLIMATIC

Cụm từ:

climate change

climate crisis

climatic conditions

22. SOLVE – SOLUTION

Cấu trúc

solve a problem

find a solution to a problem

provide solutions to climate change

23. RESPOND – RESPONSE – RESPONSIBLE – RESPONSIBILITY

Ví dụ

Governments must respond to climate change.

We need a strong response.

Everyone is responsible for protecting the environment.

III. BẢNG WORD FAMILY TỔNG HỢP

IV. BÀI TẬP WORD FORM – CƠ BẢN

Điền dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc.

1. Global __________ is one of the biggest environmental problems today.
(WARM)

2. We need to protect the natural __________.
(ENVIRONMENTAL)

3. Air __________ is harmful to human health.
(POLLUTE)

4. Factories produce large amounts of carbon __________.
(EMIT)

5. __________ is one of the major causes of global warming.
(DEFOREST)

6. The government is taking measures to reduce greenhouse gas __________.
(EMIT)

7. Global warming has serious __________ for future generations.
(CONSEQUENT)

8. Burning fossil fuels can cause environmental __________.
(DAMAGE)

9. We should use energy more __________.
(EFFICIENT)

10. Renewable energy is an __________ alternative to fossil fuels.
(ENVIRONMENT)

11. Scientists have warned about the __________ effects of climate change.
(DANGER)

12. The __________ of the Earth’s temperature is a serious concern.
(INCREASE)

13. Governments should take immediate __________ to protect the environment.
(ACT)

14. Solar power is a __________ source of energy.
(RENEW)

15. We need to find a __________ to the problem of global warming.
(SOLVE)

16. Everyone has a __________ to protect the environment.
(RESPONSIBLE)

17. Climate change is a global __________.
(THREATEN)

18. We should avoid activities that are __________ to the environment.
(HARM)

19. Sustainable __________ is essential for future generations.
(DEVELOP)

20. The government is promoting environmental __________.
(PROTECT)

V. ĐÁP ÁN 1–20

VI. BÀI TẬP WORD FORM – TRUNG BÌNH

21. The government is working to reduce air __________.
(POLLUTE)

22. Climate change can have serious __________ for agriculture.
(CONSEQUENT)

23. Many countries are investing in renewable __________.
(ENERGY)

24. The excessive use of fossil fuels is environmentally __________.
(HARM)

25. There has been a significant __________ in global temperatures.
(INCREASE)

26. Scientists are studying the __________ of global warming.
(CONSEQUENT)

27. Forests play an important role in maintaining environmental __________.
(BALANCE)

28. The __________ of forests can lead to soil erosion.
(DESTROY)

29. Governments need to take __________ measures to reduce emissions.
(EFFECT)

30. People should behave more __________ towards the environment.
(RESPONSIBILITY)

31. Solar and wind power are important __________ sources.
(RENEW)

32. The use of fossil fuels contributes to global __________.
(WARM)

33. Climate change is becoming an increasingly serious __________.
(THREATEN)

34. The protection of forests is of great __________.
(SIGNIFICANT)

35. The problem requires an international __________.
(RESPOND)

36. Scientists are looking for __________ solutions to climate change.
(SUSTAIN)

37. The country has made considerable __________ in reducing carbon emissions.
(PROGRESS)

38. Environmental __________ is becoming more important worldwide.
(AWARE)

39. The government has introduced several __________ policies.
(ENVIRONMENT)

40. We should use natural resources __________.
(SUSTAIN)

VII. ĐÁP ÁN 21–40

VIII. BÀI TẬP NÂNG CAO

41. The __________ of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere contributes to global warming.
(RELEASE)

42. Rising temperatures can have __________ effects on ecosystems.
(DAMAGE)

43. The government is encouraging the __________ of renewable energy.
(DEVELOP)

44. Greater public __________ is needed to address climate change.
(AWARE)

45. The __________ of fossil fuels is a major environmental concern.
(CONSUME)

46. The country has set ambitious targets for carbon __________.
(REDUCE)

47. Climate change is a major __________ to coastal communities.
(THREATEN)

48. The widespread __________ of forests contributes to higher carbon dioxide levels.
(DESTROY)

49. International __________ is essential in dealing with global warming.
(COOPERATE)

50. Governments should promote environmentally __________ forms of transport.
(SUSTAIN)

51. The __________ of extreme weather events has increased in recent years.
(FREQUENT)

52. Scientists have expressed concern about the long-term __________ of climate change.
(CONSEQUENT)

53. The government has introduced policies to encourage energy __________.
(EFFICIENT)

54. The transition to clean energy requires significant financial __________.
(INVEST)

55. Environmental __________ should be included in school curricula.
(EDUCATE)

56. Many countries are committed to achieving carbon __________.
(NEUTRAL)

57. The __________ of natural resources must be carefully controlled.
(EXPLOIT)

58. Greater international __________ is needed to combat climate change.
(COOPERATE)

59. The project aims to increase the __________ of local communities to climate change.
(RESILIENT)

60. Sustainable development requires a careful __________ between economic growth and environmental protection.
(BALANCED)

IX. ĐÁP ÁN 41–60

X. PHÂN BIỆT NHỮNG CẶP WORD FORM DỄ NHẦM

1. AFFECT vs EFFECT

affect = động từ

Climate change affects everyone.

effect = danh từ

Climate change has a serious effect on agriculture.

Cấu trúc:

affect + O

have an effect on + O

2. ENVIRONMENT vs ENVIRONMENTAL

protect the environment

environmental problems

environmental protection

Không viết:

protect the environmental ❌

3. POLLUTE – POLLUTION – POLLUTANT

Factories pollute rivers.

Air pollution is dangerous.

Toxic chemicals are pollutants.

4. EMIT – EMISSION

Cars emit carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide emissions are increasing.

5. DESTROY – DESTRUCTION – DESTRUCTIVE

Fires destroy forests.

The destruction of forests is dangerous.

Wildfires can be extremely destructive.

6. DANGER – DANGEROUS – ENDANGER

The situation is dangerous.

Climate change poses a serious danger.

Rising temperatures may endanger wildlife.

7. HARM – HARMFUL – HARMLESS

Pollution can harm humans.

Pollution is harmful to health.

The substance is harmless.

8. SUSTAIN – SUSTAINABLE – SUSTAINABILITY

sustain economic growth

sustainable development

environmental sustainability

9. SIGNIFICANCE – SIGNIFICANT – SIGNIFICANTLY

The problem has great significance.

It is a significant problem.

Temperatures have increased significantly.

10. RESPOND – RESPONSE

Governments must respond quickly.

Governments need an effective response.

XI. BÀI TẬP CÂU BẪY

61. Climate change ______ every country in the world.

A. effect
B. affects
C. effective
D. effectively

→ B. affects

62. The ______ of global warming can be extremely serious.

A. consequence
B. consequent
C. consequently
D. consequences

→ D. consequences

63. The government needs to take ______ action.

A. immediately
B. immediate
C. immediacy
D. immediateness

→ B. immediate

64. The burning of fossil fuels is ______ to the environment.

A. harm
B. harmless
C. harmful
D. harmfully

→ C. harmful

65. There has been a significant ______ in sea levels.

A. increase
B. increasing
C. increased
D. increasingly

→ A. increase

66. We need to use energy more ______.

A. efficient
B. efficiency
C. efficiently
D. inefficient

→ C. efficiently

67. Renewable energy can provide a ______ alternative to fossil fuels.

A. sustain
B. sustainable
C. sustainability
D. sustainably

→ B. sustainable

68. The ______ of forests contributes to climate change.

A. destroy
B. destructive
C. destruction
D. destroyed

→ C. destruction

69. People should become more environmentally ______.

A. responsibility
B. responsible
C. responsibly
D. response

→ B. responsible

70. The government is committed to environmental ______.

A. protect
B. protective
C. protection
D. protectively

→ C. protection

XII. BÀI TẬP CHỌN DẠNG ĐÚNG

71. The ______ of fossil fuels has increased carbon emissions.

A. consume
B. consumption
C. consumer
D. consuming

→ B. consumption

72. Scientists are studying the ______ effects of climate change.

A. potentially
B. potential
C. potentiality
D. potentials

→ B. potential

73. Global warming is a ______ problem.

A. globe
B. global
C. globally
D. globalise

→ B. global

74. Governments must work ______ to reduce emissions.

A. cooperate
B. cooperation
C. cooperative
D. cooperatively

→ D. cooperatively

75. The ______ of renewable energy is essential.

A. develop
B. developing
C. development
D. developed

→ C. development

76. The use of clean energy can be highly ______.

A. benefit
B. beneficial
C. beneficially
D. benefits

→ B. beneficial

77. We should take immediate action to ______ further environmental damage.

A. prevention
B. preventive
C. prevent
D. prevented

→ C. prevent

78. There is an urgent need for greater public ______.

A. aware
B. awareness
C. awarely
D. unaware

→ B. awareness

79. Scientists have warned that temperatures may rise ______.

A. significant
B. significance
C. significantly
D. signify

→ C. significantly

80. The government needs an effective ______ to climate change.

A. respond
B. response
C. responsible
D. responsibility

→ B. response

XIII. ĐIỀN WORD FORM VÀO ĐOẠN VĂN

Đoạn 1

Global warming is a serious environmental problem. The increasing __________(81) of fossil fuels produces large amounts of greenhouse gas __________(82). These gases are released into the __________(83), causing temperatures to rise. One of the major __________(84) of global warming is the melting of ice and rising sea levels.

(FOSSIL – EMIT – ATMOSPHERIC – CONSEQUENT)

Đáp án:

81. use
82. emissions
83. atmosphere
84. consequences

XIV. ĐOẠN VĂN 2

Deforestation is another major environmental problem. The __________(85) of forests reduces the Earth’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide. It also causes the __________(86) of natural habitats. Governments should take __________(87) measures to protect forests and promote sustainable __________(88).

(DESTROY – LOSE – EFFECT – DEVELOP)

Đáp án:

85. destruction
86. loss
87. effective
88. development

XV. ĐOẠN VĂN 3

There are many ways to reduce global warming. First, we should increase the use of __________(89) energy. Second, people should use energy more __________(90). Finally, governments and individuals need to work __________(91) to reduce carbon __________(92).

(RENEW – EFFICIENT – COOPERATE – EMIT)

Đáp án:

89. renewable
90. efficiently
91. cooperatively
92. emissions

XVI. ĐOẠN VĂN 4 – NÂNG CAO

Climate change has become a global __________(93). Its __________(94) include rising temperatures, extreme weather and sea-level rise. To deal with these problems, countries need greater international __________(95). They must develop __________(96) solutions and encourage the public to behave more __________(97).

(THREATEN – CONSEQUENT – COOPERATE – SUSTAIN – RESPONSIBILITY)

Đáp án:

93. threat
94. consequences
95. cooperation
96. sustainable
97. responsibly

XVII. 40 COLLOCATIONS QUAN TRỌNG

XVIII. 20 CẤU TRÚC CẦN GHI NHỚ

1. contribute to + N/V-ing

2. have an effect on + N

3. be harmful to + N

4. do harm to + N

5. be responsible for + N/V-ing

6. be concerned about + N

7. protect + N from + N

8. prevent + O from + V-ing

9. reduce + N

10. lead to + N/V-ing

11. result in + N

12. result from + N

13. cause + N

14. have serious consequences for + N

15. an increase in + N

16. a reduction in + N

17. a rise in + N

18. a decrease in + N

19. be effective in + V-ing

20. take action to + V

XIX. NHẬN DIỆN WORD FORM SIÊU NHANH

1. Sau “the” + ______

Thường là NOUN

the destruction of forests

2. Sau “a/an” + ______

Thường là NOUN

an increase

a reduction

a solution

3. Sau “be” + ______

Thường là ADJECTIVE

Climate change is dangerous.

4. Trước NOUN + ______

Thường là ADJECTIVE

environmental protection

sustainable development

5. Sau động từ + ______

Có thể là ADVERB

increase significantly

work effectively

6. Sau “to” + ______

Nếu “to” là dấu hiệu infinitive:

to reduce

to protect

to prevent

XX. 15 CẶP BẪY ĐẶC BIỆT

1.

affect – verb
effect – noun

2.

pollute – verb
pollution – noun

3.

emit – verb
emission – noun

4.

destroy – verb
destruction – noun

5.

protect – verb
protection – noun

6.

reduce – verb
reduction – noun

7.

threat – noun
threaten – verb

8.

danger – noun
dangerous – adjective

9.

harm – noun/verb
harmful – adjective

10.

significance – noun
significant – adjective

11.

consequence – noun
consequently – adverb

12.

responsibility – noun
responsible – adjective
responsibly – adverb

13.

sustainability – noun
sustainable – adjective

14.

environment – noun
environmental – adjective

15.

science – noun
scientific – adjective
scientist – person

XXI. MINI TEST – UNIT 5

Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. Global ______ is causing serious environmental problems.

A. warm
B. warming
C. warmly
D. warmth

2. The burning of fossil fuels increases carbon ______.

A. emit
B. emissions
C. emitting
D. emitter

3. Deforestation can cause serious environmental ______.

A. destroy
B. destruction
C. destructive
D. destroyed

4. Renewable energy is an environmentally ______ alternative.

A. sustain
B. sustainable
C. sustainability
D. sustainably

5. We need to reduce air ______.

A. pollute
B. pollution
C. polluted
D. pollutant

6. Climate change is a serious ______ to humanity.

A. threaten
B. threatening
C. threat
D. threatened

7. People should use natural resources ______.

A. sustainable
B. sustainability
C. sustainably
D. sustain

8. There has been a significant ______ in global temperatures.

A. increase
B. increasing
C. increasingly
D. increased

9. Everyone has a ______ to protect the environment.

A. responsible
B. responsibility
C. responsibly
D. response

10. Governments need an effective ______ to climate change.

A. respond
B. responsible
C. response
D. responsibility

11. Solar energy has many environmental ______.

A. benefit
B. benefits
C. beneficial
D. beneficially

12. Scientists have warned about the ______ consequences of climate change.

A. seriously
B. serious
C. seriousness
D. seriousness

13. The government is introducing ______ policies.

A. environment
B. environmental
C. environmentally
D. environmentalist

14. We must find a ______ to the problem.

A. solve
B. solution
C. solvable
D. solving

15. Temperatures have increased ______.

A. significant
B. significance
C. significantly
D. signify

16. The protection of forests is of great ______.

A. significant
B. significantly
C. significance
D. signify

17. People should become more environmentally ______.

A. responsibility
B. responsible
C. responsibly
D. response

18. The use of fossil fuels is ______ to the environment.

A. harm
B. harmful
C. harmless
D. harmfully

19. International ______ is necessary to combat climate change.

A. cooperate
B. cooperation
C. cooperative
D. cooperatively

20. Sustainable ______ is important for future generations.

A. develop
B. developed
C. development
D. developing

XXII. ĐÁP ÁN

XXIII. BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP 93–120

Điền dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc.

93. Climate change has become a major global __________.
(THREATEN)

94. The __________ of fossil fuels produces greenhouse gases.
(BURN)

95. Governments should encourage the __________ of renewable energy.
(DEVELOP)

96. Environmental __________ is necessary to change people’s behaviour.
(EDUCATE)

97. People need greater environmental __________.
(AWARE)

98. The __________ of forests contributes to climate change.
(DESTROY)

99. The government is working on a carbon __________ programme.
(REDUCE)

100. Rising sea levels may have serious __________ for coastal cities.
(CONSEQUENT)

101. Scientists have observed a __________ increase in temperature.
(SIGNIFICANCE)

102. We should use energy more __________.
(EFFICIENT)

103. Renewable energy can provide a __________ alternative.
(SUSTAIN)

104. Climate change may __________ many species.
(DANGER)

105. The government is responsible for environmental __________.
(PROTECT)

106. Air __________ is a serious problem in large cities.
(POLLUTE)

107. Carbon dioxide __________ have increased considerably.
(EMIT)

108. The government needs an effective __________ to the problem.
(RESPOND)

109. International __________ is essential.
(COOPERATE)

110. We need long-term __________ solutions.
(SUSTAIN)

111. The excessive __________ of energy should be reduced.
(CONSUME)

112. The __________ of extreme weather events is worrying.
(FREQUENT)

113. Governments need to make significant __________ in reducing emissions.
(PROGRESS)

114. Environmental __________ should begin at school.
(EDUCATE)

115. The project aims to improve energy __________.
(EFFICIENT)

116. The use of renewable energy can reduce environmental __________.
(POLLUTE)

117. Climate change is a serious __________ to biodiversity.
(THREATEN)

118. Everyone should take __________ for protecting nature.
(RESPONSIBLE)

119. We must find an effective __________ to global warming.
(SOLVE)

120. Sustainable development requires international __________.
(COOPERATE)

XXIV. ĐÁP ÁN 93–120

XXV. “SỔ TAY 25 TỪ” – HỌC SINH PHẢI THUỘC

XXVI. CÔNG THỨC GHI NHỚ NHANH

VERB → NOUN

Các đuôi thường gặp:

-tion / -sion

pollute → pollution

emit → emission

protect → protection

reduce → reduction

destroy → destruction

educate → education

cooperate → cooperation

-ment

develop → development

invest → investment

-ity

sustainable → sustainability

significant → significance

responsible → responsibility

ADJECTIVE → ADVERB

Thông thường:

-ly

significant → significantly

responsible → responsibly

efficient → efficiently

sustainable → sustainably

scientific → scientifically

XXVII. CÔNG THỨC “3 GIÂY” KHI LÀM WORD FORM

Bước 1

Nhìn từ đứng trước chỗ trống.

Bước 2

Nhìn từ đứng sau chỗ trống.

Bước 3

Xác định cần:

N – V – ADJ – ADV

Ví dụ:

The government needs an effective ______.

Sau an effective cần NOUN.

→ response

Ví dụ:

Temperatures have increased ______.

Sau động từ increased, cần trạng từ.

→ significantly

Ví dụ:

Renewable energy is ______.

Sau is cần tính từ.

→ sustainable

Ví dụ:

Governments should ______ emissions.

Sau should cần động từ nguyên mẫu.

→ reduce

XXVIII. 10 NHÓM TỪ “ĂN ĐIỂM” CẦN HỌC THUỘC

NHÓM 1

pollute → pollution → pollutant

NHÓM 2

emit → emission → emitter

NHÓM 3

protect → protection → protective

NHÓM 4

destroy → destruction → destructive

NHÓM 5

reduce → reduction

NHÓM 6

develop → development → developed → developing

NHÓM 7

sustain → sustainable → sustainability

NHÓM 8

significance → significant → significantly

NHÓM 9

responsibility → responsible → responsibly

NHÓM 10

respond → response

XXIX. TỔNG KẾT UNIT 5

Học sinh cần đặc biệt nắm chắc:

global warming

climate change

greenhouse gas emissions

carbon emissions

fossil fuels

deforestation

environmental protection

renewable energy

sustainable development

environmental pollution

serious consequences

reduce emissions

protect the environment

combat climate change

take action

raise awareness

energy efficiency

energy consumption

carbon footprint

international cooperation

⭐ CÔNG THỨC TRỌNG TÂM NHẤT

Verb

pollute – emit – reduce – protect – destroy – threaten – affect – prevent – solve – develop

Noun

pollution – emission – reduction – protection – destruction – threat – effect – solution – development

Adjective

polluted – environmental – harmful – dangerous – sustainable – renewable – significant – responsible

Adverb

significantly – responsibly – efficiently – sustainably – effectively

⭐ MỤC TIÊU SAU KHI HỌC UNIT 5

Học sinh phải có khả năng:

1. Nhận diện nhanh Noun – Verb – Adjective – Adverb.
2. Biến đổi chính xác các từ gốc thành dạng phù hợp.
3. Phân biệt affect/effect.
4. Phân biệt pollute/pollution/pollutant.
5. Phân biệt emit/emission.
6. Phân biệt destroy/destruction/destructive.
7. Phân biệt sustain/sustainable/sustainability.
8. Sử dụng đúng các collocation về global warming.
9. Làm được dạng Word Form trong câu đơn và đoạn văn.
10. Vận dụng từ vựng Unit 5 vào các câu hỏi kiểm tra và bài thi nâng cao.