1. Khái niệm
- “to V” là dạng động từ nguyên mẫu có “to” (to-infinitive).
- Nó thường được dùng để chỉ mục đích, ý định, mong muốn, hoặc hành động sẽ xảy ra.
- Cấu trúc: to + động từ nguyên mẫu (to eat, to go, to study…).
2. Các cách dùng chính của “to V”
- Chỉ mục đích:
- I study hard to pass the exam.
- She went to the library to borrow some books.
- Sau tính từ:
- I’m happy to see you.
- It’s difficult to understand this problem.
- Sau danh từ:
- I have some homework to do.
- He needs a book to read.
- Sau động từ nhất định (want, decide, plan, hope, agree, promise…):
- I want to learn English.
- They decided to travel abroad.
- Trong câu bị động:
- She was asked to join the team.
- He was told to wait outside.
- Trong cấu trúc đặc biệt:
- Too… to: He is too young to drive.
- Enough… to: She is strong enough to lift the box.
- The first/last… to: He was the first person to arrive.
3. Ví dụ tổng hợp
| Cách dùng | Ví dụ |
|---|---|
| Mục đích | She studies hard to get good grades. |
| Sau tính từ | I’m glad to help you. |
| Sau danh từ | Do you have something to eat? |
| Sau động từ | He promised to call me. |
| Câu bị động | You are required to wear a uniform. |
| Too… to | This box is too heavy to carry. |
| Enough… to | He is tall enough to play basketball. |
| The first/last… to | She was the last person to leave the room. |
